Now & Then: Samuel Farr's 1876 Montgomery Building

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Incorrectly annotated as being Addington's Southern Cross Hotel, we published an illustrated article about that building last month. However, further to an uneasy feeling about a vaguely familiar structure, we can now positively identify the extant 1876 Montgomery building.

Arriving in Christchurch in 1860 William Montgomery (1821-1914) established himself as W. Montgomery & Company Ltd., Timber, Coal and Hardware Merchants. His commercial enterprise prospered to the extent that he was able to open branches throughout the province. In 1874 Montgomery commenced the construction of new premises at the south-east corner of Colombo and Tuam Streets, these included a 130 by 30 feet timber storage shed and a two storey 95 by 50 feet workshop.

In 1876 Montgomery commissioned Samuel Charles Farr (1827-1918) to design a three storey head office and showrooms for the corner of the site. Farr had been Canterbury's first architect, arriving at Lyttelton in 1849. Among his extant buildings are the former Normal School in Cranmer Square and St Paul's Presbyterian church at the corner of Cashel and Madras Streets.

Built of stuccoed brick to a height of 45 feet above extensive cellars, Montgomery's building was originally 50 feet along the Colombo Street front and 48 feet along the Tuam Street side. By 1885 the size had been doubled with an extension along Tuam Street. Subsequently sold at auction to Fortunatus Evelyn Wright (1829-1912), the former Christchurch Postmaster, for £8,000, the old building has undergone many changes of ownership in its 133 years. In 2009 it is principally occupied by an "adult superstore."

As the Honourable William John Alexander Montgomery of Opawa, the first owner was at various times also a Little River farmer, member of the Canterbury Provincial Council for Heathcote, MP for Akaroa, member of the Legislative Council, etc. As a member of the board of governors of Canterbury College (now the University of Canterbury) from 1873 to 1903 and chairman from 1875 to 1885 he was primarily responsible for the completion of college buildings, the Christchurch Boys' High School, the School of Art, and the Canterbury Museum (all of which now comprise the principal buildings in our cultural precinct). One might speculate that W. Montgomery & Co. may have benefited significantly from the foregoing construction projects.

The Second Theatre Royal

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This is a previously unknown circa 1877 photograph of the second Theatre Royal on the southern side of Gloucester Street East, between Manchester and Colombo Streets. Immediately beyond it is Beatty's Palace Hotel of 1877. Designed by A. W. Simpson and built by John L. Hall of the Canterbury Opera Company, the theatre opened on the 4th of November 1876.

Built by Matthew Allen and Sons, the 1,100 seat theatre replaced an earlier building, which had begun life as the Canterbury Music Hall in 1861. To honour Alexandra, Princess of Denmark and Wales, in 1863 the music hall was renamed as the Princess Theatre, becoming the first Theatre Royal three years later.

The theatre closed in 1908, to be replaced by the extant third Theatre Royal opposite and by 1910 the Palace Hotel had been converted into a cinema and renamed as The King's Theatre. Both buildings were subsequently acquired by The Press, with the street frontages converted into shops and the upper levels renovated as the newspaper's Copy and News Rooms and production departments. Only the upper level facades and the theatre's original roof line survive.


Recently acquired by an Australian construction company as part of an eight building complex, the 1907 Press building in Cathedral Square will be renovated for use as an hotel or offices and a lane precinct created through the property to link Press Lane to the Cathedral Junction vintage tram terminus.

With work projected to commence in October 2009, the company is proposing to construct a new multi-storey building behind the facades of the Palace Hotel and the second Theatre Royal. The artist's rendition below indicates that the pediment's will be restored to their former glory and it is therefore hoped that Queen Victoria's Coat of Arms will once again grace Gloucester Street.


We're greatfully indebted to Steven McLachlan of the Shades Stamp Shop at 108 Hereford Street for the original photograph, which is dated to 1877 by the lack of the stables to the Palace Hotel's Left and there being no Playbills and Posters, which soon began to adorn the theatre's Press Lane side wall (Right).

Lyttelton Masonic Lodge 1876

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Designed by the Gothic revivalist Architect Benjamin Woolfield Mountfort (1825-1898), this is the remarkably original 1876 Hall of Lyttelton's second Masonic Lodge.

Left centre: Secretary & Treasurer's chairs, Right: Junior Warden's chair.

Dias Left: past Masters and Grand Lodge officers seating, Right: visiting Masters seating.

The other seating is from Lyttelton's 1917 Harbour Light Cinema.

Lyttelton Tugs 1859-1907

Getting a sailing ship into Lyttelton Harbour in the early days was often an unpredictable business. Waiting for a favourable wind could often mean tacking off the Heads for days on end.

Although the history of the restored and widely known fourth Lyttelton tug is well recorded, the stories of her predecessors have not previously been documented.

The Mullogh

In 1859 Dalgety, Buckley and Company, local agents for the Shaw, Savill Shipping Company, purchased the four year-old Belfast built steamer Mullogh in order to tow passenger vessels up to the anchorage in the vicinity of the Government Jetty and Peacock's Wharf. With a crew of five, a length of 60 feet and a Beam of 15 feet, the Ketch rigged iron steamer was propelled by a 15 nominal horse power, single horizontal cylinder steam engine and could carry a cargo of 60 tons.

The single screw steam ship, whose bones now lie on Lyttelton's Quail Island, served in a variety of roles, often carrying the early immigrant's heavy luggage and kitset houses up the Heathcote to Woolston or to The Bricks wharf on the Avon (where the Barbadoes Street bridge now stands). Among her more notable cargos was New Zealand's first railway locomotive and the statue of John Robert Godley that now adorns Christchurch's Cathederal Square.

Ownership of the Mullogh eventually passed to the brothers John and Peter Cameron, coastal traders with a wide variety of business interests on Lyttelton's Norwich Quay and also at Diamond Harbour, where they had built a 140 foot wharf. The Cameron's continued with the Mullogh in the tug service, expanding their fleet with the acquisition of the Paddle Tug Titan in 1876.

The Titan

As Yard No 157, the Titan had been launched from the Clydeholm Shipyard at Whiteinch on the River Clyde in November, 1866 by Barclay Curle and Company as a speculation for James Cowan of Leith. The 97 ton vessel was immediately sailed out to Melbourne, Australia, where she was sold by auction on the 22nd of July 1867 to John & David Spence, who used the 95 foot, 6 inch steamer to tow large sailing vessels from the Port Philip Heads to Williamstown and Sandridge.

Also fitted with passenger accommodation, the clinker-built iron paddle steamer was propelled by a pair of horizontal steam engines, with single 28 inch diameter cylinders and a 50 inoh length of piston shaft. Developing 55 nominal horse-power she was quite capable of being worked up to 150 horse-power. Beyond the 35 foot engine room was a dry-bottomed boiler containing 160 horizontal iron tubes. A working pressure of 25 pounds per square inch drove 14 foot 9 inch diameter paddle wheels, which were 6 feet 8 inches wide. This enabled the vessel to maintain a speed of 10 knots for up to six days from the 23 tons of coal in her bunkers.

In 1873 the Titan was purchased for £7,600 by the Westland Steam Tug and Freight Company of Hokitika. Her shallow Draft of 4 feet 6 inches made the vessel ideal for working the notorious Bars of the West Coast ports and Captain Hugh B. Macmeikan charged 2 shillings and 6 pence per registered ton to tow vessels in and out of Westport, Greymouth and Hokitika. However, business wasn't that good and less than three years later she was seized by the Mortgagor and sold by Tender to Lyttelton's Cameron Brothers by the Bank of New South Wales.

Under the succesive commands of Captains Peter and J. S. Cameron the Titan towed sailing vessels in and out of Lyttelton Harbour from 1876. Two years later the Cameron's tugs were in competition with the Harbour Board's new and larger vessel. Although offered for sale, along with the Mullogh, by private tender in September, 1878, no buyer was found for the Titan and she continued in the Lyttelton service until 1882, when she was purchased the Timaru Harbour Board for £3,500.

In the command of Captain Clarkson the paddle tug was still towing ships in and out of Timaru in 1889, but her annual survey in that year indicated that although her engines were in good order, the boiler and hull were likely to require a major overhaul. By about 1893 she had been converted to a coal hulk and in 1895 the Titan was sold to the Bluff Harbour Board. Abandoned at the head of Bluff Harbour about 1901, her bones may still be visible on the beach.

The Lyttelton

Established in 1877, one of the Lyttelton Harbour Board's first significant undertakings was to order a tug at a cost of £9,000 from the Laird Brothers of North Birkenhead (opposite Liverpool on the River Mersey). Delivered at London in July, 1878 and rigged as a Brigantine, the Lyttelton arrived, under sail, at Cooktown, in the far north of Queensland for provisions four months later. Proceeding to Brisbane for ballast Coal, the Lyttelton arrived at her home port via Wellington and Blenheim on the 21st of November, 1878.

Lyttelton at Wellington on her delivery voyage, via Blenheim.

After her arrival the paddle wheels were fitted and the gaff rigged mizzen mast removed. Equipped with a twin diagonal compound steam engine, the 193 ton vessel, with 60 pounds of steam turning her paddles at 73 revolutions per minute, acheived a speed of almost 12 knots during her trials on the 12th of December. Thus began her first career under the command of Captain J. W. Clark, with Captain James Storey Brownell as Mate, and a Mr Miller, as Engineer.

Fitted with a steam powered fire extinguishing pump, the vessel could throw a stream of water up to 200 feet (65 Metres). She was accordingly capable of doing effective work, not only in cases of fire among the shipping, but in the event of a conflagration occurring at any of the warehouses or stores situated near the wharves.

Lyttelton at Port Levy, Banks Peninsula, circa 1900.

Lyttelton's black topped Buff funnel was a familiar sight on the harbour until her 29 years of service ended on the 22nd of August, 1907, with the inauguration of the new twin-screw Canterbury (subsequently renamed the Lyttelton). The old paddle steamer was then sold for £3,500 to the Devonport Steam Ferry Company of Auckland.

Lyttelton at the Auckland Anniversary Day Regatta, January 1912

Five years later she passed to the Kauri Timber Company and saw active service towing rafts of Kauri logs between Whangaroa and the Coromandel ports. Laid up in 1941 at Auckland's Western Viaduct, her superstructure was destroyed by fire in 1945.

On the 5th of October, 1955 the vessel was towed across the Hauraki Gulf and run ashore at Lagoon Bay on Coromandel's Takatu Peninsula, where she was used as a shingle hopper for the Subritzky Shipping Company's scow Jane Clifford. When that industry declined in the mid-1970s the hull was left to become slowly buried in shingle drifts.

Christchurch Press Buildings Redevelopment

Architect's 1906 drawing

The eight building site, between Cathedral Square and Gloucester Street, has been sold to an Australian construction company, which plans to refurbish the protected 1907 Press building in Cathedral Square for use as a hotel or offices and create a lane precinct through the property. A more recent adjoining building will be demolished to link Press Lane to Cathedral Junction.

The company is proposing to construct a new multi-storey building behind the facades of the 1877 Palace Hotel and the 1876 second Theatre Royal in Gloucester Street. More...

The Press, Wednesday, 13 Feb 2008

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