Podcast: Captain Cook and Georg Forster in the Antarctic

A 55 minute audio documentary from the Australian Broadcasting Corporation.

It´s not well known that the first major scientific expedition to the Antarctic was led by James Cook during his 1773 voyage to New Zealand.

It´s even less well known that the voyage was recorded by a young German writer and natural historian who sailed with Cook.

Georg Forster´s A Voyage Round the World was one of the most famous and influential travel narratives of its time: a scientific adventure story which ranges from the terrors of the Antarctic ice to cannibalism amongst the Māori in New Zealand, which is graphically recounted in this documentary.

In this podcast hear readings from Forster´s book, Cook´s journals and The German Traitor, a novel based on Forster´s life.

Original audio source

1860 Christchurch 360° Panorama

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A previously unassembled panorama compiled from nineteen restored photographs taken between late 1859 and early 1861.

Taken from the tower of the Canterbury Provincial Council buildings in Armagh Street, near the Avon River, most are attributed to Alfred Barker (1819-1873), the balance probably being the work of Benjamin Mountfort (1825-1898), Barker's photographic tutor.

The Avon River winds through the panorama. In front of where the Town Hall is now situated can be seen the original lagoon where small steamers turned before mooring at a wharf behind where the Oxford Hotel now stands (the hotel site is still occupied by the original Māori hostel in this photograph). Occupying a wind swept, swampy floodplain, the city would be inundated eight years later, when the Avon rose to metre above Victoria Square and destroyed the Worcester Street bridge.

To the right can be seen the 1857 windmill of William Wood (1824-1904) at the corner of Antigua and St Asaph Streets. A distinctive landmark for distant travelers slogging their way through the swamp and tussock that surrounded the town, it was visible as far as 80 Km away.

Other than the Canterbury Provincial Council building only two other visible structures have survived. They are the circa 1859 John Shand (1805-1874) house in Hereford Street (now known as Shand's Emporium) and the 1857 Cookham House in Colombo Street. Now known as Sergeant Pepper's Steak House, it was originally the premises of the merchant George Gould (1823-1889), who lived upstairs, with his family.

See from where this panorama was taken.

Historical Revision

Hyped by the local TV station as the Southern Hemisphere's finest cultural precinct, this is an interpretive display sign at the centre of things.

Amongst the information that it conveys to the visitor is the revelation that Christchurch is in fact a 700 year old community originally known as Puari, with a population of about 800.*

There's no historical evidence for this assertion, which would appear to be an unfortunate instance of the facts not being allowed to get in the way of a good story.

The notion that a Māori version of prehistoric events should not be questioned conveys the idea that they have some privileged access to the truth. And when people sense that they are held to account by a different standard of evidence to everyone else, they understandably begin to reinterpret their past in line with current values and expectations rather than hard evidence.

* Puari was a large settlement at Port Levy on Banks Peninsula. Known to European whalers from the later 1820s, the population had declined by the mid 1840s, as a consequence of inter-tribal warfare and disease, to about 300 Māori and 12 Europeans.

Podcast: Emigration Records

From the National Archives UK, this 42 minute talk explains the reasons behind the emigration of some 13 million people since the 17th century.

It discusses the most popular destinations for emigrants and sources such as outgoing passenger lists, passport records, and a host of emigration schemes supported and fostered by the government.

It also features the various child migration schemes that have been responsible in migrating some 150,000 children from the UK between 1618 and 1967.

Particular reference is made to the growing number of online sources relevant to this subject.

Original audio source

Curse Strikes Again

A Shipping Corporation of India collier that has suffered two major incidents in Australian waters in seven years has been involved in a third and fatal accident.

A mooring line snapped when the 47,350 ton Devprayag, was arriving at Lyttelton's Cashin Quay to load coal, killing a Lyttelton Port Company worker. The nearby Lyttelton Container Terminal was shut down for around thirty six hours and the vessel has been detained pending official inquiries by Maritime NZ and the Department of Labour.

On 7 February this year, while berthed at Queensland’s Dalrymple Bay Coal Terminal, the Devprayag broke its moorings in monsoon conditions and struck a mooring dolphin. It sustained cracks, plate and frame damage and lost an anchor before it could be brought to anchor between DBCT and Hay Point Coal Terminal. The vessel was later repaired in Brisbane.

On 21 April, 2001 the Devprayag ran aground off Portland, Victoria in strong onshore winds during hold-cleaning after discharging a fertiliser cargo. She was refloated by three tugs four days later.

Wakefield Journal to stay in NZ

The long-lost journal written by early colonist Edward Jerningham Wakefield (1820–79) will not now be sold overseas.

Covering the period from 1850 to 1858, the journal was missing for about a century before coming up for auction in Dunedin last year. An Alexander Turnbull Library spokesman said the manuscript could not be exported without the permission of the Ministry for Culture and Heritage, given restrictions under the Protected Objects Act.

Wakefield suffered, as his father put it, from “colonial habits”, the worst of them being intemperance as a result of which, what might have been a brilliant career terminated in disappointment (dogged by alcoholism he died penniless at Ashburton). But even if he failed to fulfill the precocious promise of his youth, Jerningham established a claim on the esteem of posterity, by his journeys and explorations and, above all, by the liveliness and colour of his 1845 book, Adventure in New Zealand, from 1839 to 1844; with Some Account of the Beginning of the British Colonization of the Islands.

Further reading: Otago Daily Times, 25 Jun 2008

Swamp City Verité

Artbash is an online community of New Zealanders who love art and love talking and writing about art. Inside Artbash you will find forums of art criticism, a calendar of exhibitions, a guide to New Zealand art galleries and an online art store where members exhibit and sell their art online.

A recent article satirises Christchurch's High Street Off-site Art Project:

"Booze buses (vomit comets ) will cruise the entertainment inner-city districts - discharging inebriated riders into a series of low and middle-brow pubs.

Large screen TV's will broadcast sport tests and music videos featuring pneumatically titted anorexics. Visibly bored cover bands will play short sets of stereotypical classic rock (which will be ignored by drinkers).

Entering and exiting the booze buses lads will jostle, threaten and body-check pedestrians. Booze bus patrons will projectile vomit on the interior surfaces of the buses and on each other"

Read on...

Tombstone Territory

The tombs of many of the city's earliest settlers enjoy an elevated Westerly view of the central business district from the 1880 Linwood Cemetery.

Christchurch is somewhat flatter than the city known to its original inhabitants, only the old cemeteries retain the original contours.

Most of the graves evidence neglect and damage, but only the Jewish section of the cemetery shows the care and honour bestowed upon its founders by a subculture that continues to value its heritage.

See from where this photograph was taken.

The 1909 Steam Dredge Te Whaka photographed in late 1975

Built by Ferguson Brothers, Port Glasgow for the Lyttelton Harbour Board and steamed out to Lyttelton via the Suez Canal, Colombo, Djakarta, Fremantle and Melbourne.

The 324 ton Te Whaka was also equipped for towing when the 1907 tug Lyttelton was not available. Chartered in 1919 to deepen berths at Nelson. Steam steering gear fitted from whale chaser Star III in 1928.

Fitted with electric light and extra cabins built forward in 1948 for a trip to Wanganui. The original Scotch boiler was replaced in December 1965 with a slightly smaller one from the Greymouth tug Kumea. The original steam driven grab crane was also replaced that year, this time by a Priestman diesel crane.

The vessel was laid up from 1987 until 1993, when she was bought by the Te Whaka Maritime Heritage Trust and towed to Dunedin in March 1994. The intention is to convert the 126 foot vessel to a passenger carrying steamer for excursions on Otago Harbour.

Te Whaka at Lyttelton, 1910.

Another Apartment High Rise for Ferrymead

It is reported that the developer of the seven storey, 34 apartment, Waters Edge building (above) at Ferrymead has, after an appeal, been granted resource consent to build an adjoining property, with a height limit of up to the equivalent of twelve floors.

Update 13 September, 2008


The unfortunate reality bears little resemblance to the artistic license of the marketing hype.

Major Christchurch City Residential Development

A one hundred and sixty home residential development to be built in Christchurch's inner city has been granted planning approval.

Formerly the Southpower facility on the 4 hectare block enclosed by Madras, Packe, Canon and Purchase Streets, the development will include fifteen shops and a small supermarket.

Plans will be released to the public in two months.

Satellite view of the development location

Podcast: Godley Head Heritage

A 26 minute interview with Peter Wilkins, Curator of the Godley Head Heritage Trust. He talks about coastal defense in New Zealand from the Victorian period right through to World War II.

While our idea of who New Zealand’s enemies were changed over time, we find out that the idea of foreign invasion was a very real thing. During the Second World War U-boats found their way into New Zealand’s waters. The liner Niagara was sunk and there's also the mystery of the ten mines that were laid along Lyttelton Harbour, never to be found.

We also hear about the women who served on Godley Head, freeing up the men who were urgently required in North Africa.

Download the 24.5 Mb mp3 audio file

Old Railway Station Revitalisation?

8 June, 2008.

Science Alive is the science learning centre based in the 1957 Railway Station building on Moorhouse Avenue.

The centre has outgrown the building and is seeking new and innovative premises on a large block of land in the city. If they can't find a suitable city site then they intend moving the centre to a suburb.

The directors of Science Alive have been overseas looking at similar developments, and are apparently planning something special to expand the promotion of Science as a vital part of life. They propose to be developing the project within a year or so.

Could the Railway Station be heading for a new lease of life as a rail hub for the city, surrounded by dense apartment living, entertainment and commercial activity? Could this be the big one in the redevelopment of the south of the city centre?

The $240 million reported in The Press newspaper is probably only going to get a line up and running, which might have eight to twelve stations. The cost of having a good system would be at least four times that. There still hasn't been much mention of light rail, which would probably cost a further few hundred million to set up.

The old station had one main platform running through from east to west and had dock platforms at either end for use by suburban trains and other services. The railway line now runs along a corridor as two tracks 30-50 metres to the south of the old station and is now hemmed in by ugly developments on either side.

Word on the street indicates that there's a lot going on behind the scenes, with most enthusiasm coming from the Christchurch City Council and the Selwyn and Waimakariri District Councils, but with scepticism mixed with intrigue coming from Environment Canterbury. The opinion of the group of councils probably counts most.

We shall just have to wait and see...

1913 Postcard

Update: 19 June 2008

Science Alive is looking to establish a state-of-the-art science centre with the University of Canterbury as a partner.

Science Alive chief executive Neville Petrie and the university's pro-vice- chancellor of science, Professor Ian Shaw, have confirmed plans to build a new centre on the university's campus.

Christchurch to Host Prestigious Garden Show

New Zealand’s premier garden event, the Ellerslie International Flower Show, will be hosted in Christchurch from March 2009.

The City Council purchased the Flower Show in November in 2007 for an undisclosed price. Hosting a Flower Show of this calibre will serve to further enhance Christchurch’s internationally recognised image as New Zealand’s Garden City and to celebrate the city’s rich cultural heritage.

When the gates open for the first Christchurch-hosted event, from 11 to 15 March 2009, the Show is expected to attract similar numbers to those attending previous shows in Auckland and inject more than $14 million into the local economy annually. There will be more than 250 exhibitors and 30 garden displays.

Ellerslie International Flower Show is already recognised internationally and Christchurch will built on past successes as it works to develop Ellerslie as one of the top five flower shows in the world.

From March 2009, the five-day floral extravaganza will be held in North Hagley Park, drawing a global audience of garden designers, garden lovers and international media.

The event will champion the best of garden design, garden trends and new products – and being held in Autumn, the Show will celebrate the harvest season with a feast of food, wine and entertainment.

The Ellerslie International Flower Show 2009, as one of the most prestigious garden events in the world, is guaranteed to stimulate the senses with loads of fresh and exciting ideas to create vibrant garden spaces.

Web site: Ellerslie International Flower Show

1879 Christchurch Panorama

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Canterbury Heritage is a recognised authority on the identification of historic images of the province. As such it regularly assists a wide range of museums, libraries and galleries throughout the Australasian region.

This service is also available, without expense, to private individuals. Please contact the Editor if you have photographs, etc. requiring identification.

From the archives of the National Library of Australia came four unrelated photographs, which when assembled form a previously unknown 1879 Christchurch panorama.

An elevated South to Northwest panorama of the former Christchurch Common, subsequently Market Place from 1853 and then Victoria Square since 1904.

Viewed from the watch tower of the second Fire Station of 1876 (now The Plunket Society building), with the slate tiled roof of the previous Oxford Hotel to the immediate foreground (on the site of the original Maori Hostel).

Included in this image are views of Armagh, Chester, Gloucester & Colombo streets, Whatley Road (subsequently Victoria Street) and Oxford & Cambridge terraces.

The former Palace Hotel and the adjacent second Theatre Royal (both extant) in Gloucester Street can be seen in the far Left middle ground, behind Dr William Deamer's brick, two-storey Surgery and contiguous dwelling in Armagh Street (built 1865) .

To the Right of the Surgery and next door but one can be seen the veranda of the first house in Christchurch to be erected by a Settler. This was the prefabricated home of George Gould constructed in February, 1851.

See from where this panorama was taken.

Reader's Comments

Four months have now elapsed since the inauguration of the Canterbury Heritage 'net presence.

In that time the web site has generated a significant body of correspondence relating to the province's history. Much of it has been of value to the historic record and individual postings have been updated accordingly.

Subsequent to popular request, and further to the pursuit of both open discussion and crowdsourcing, a facility to allow reader's comments is now enabled.

Obit. David Studholme

The second child of Edgar Studholme (1866-1949), Michael David Studholme was the last surviving grandchild of Michael Studholme (1833-1886), the first European settler at Waimate.

David was born at Te Waimate and his early schooling was at home and later at Christ's College. He left school in 1929 to commence a 50 year a farming career. An early pioneer of Border Romney sheep, in 1968 David went into partnership to buy Braemar Station in the Mackenzie country, which he farmed until 1975.

On his retirement David became an enthusiastic and widely recognised expert on the restoration and construction of earth buildings. In recognition of this he was awarded the Queen's Service Medal in 1992, a Rotary foundation Paul Harris Fellow medal and NZ Historic Places Trust certificate of meritorious service in 2004.

David supervised the restoration of The Cuddy, built in 1854 in the grounds of Te Waimate. This was soon followed by the restoration of other buildings including the original Molesworth Station homestead, Acheron accommodation house, Top House (Nelson), Paterson's cottage in Kurow and the Waimate museum's new earth building.

The last years of his life were spent at the Bishopspark Retirement Village in Christchurch. David's farewell service was held on a warm autumn day at his birthplace in the garden he loved so much. He is survived by his children Jane, Nicola and Michael, seven grandchildren and two great-grandchildren.

Further reading:

Death of leading historian and South Canterbury farmer, The Timaru Herald, 06 June 2008

Profile: David Studholme, Heritage New Zealand, Winter 2005

Canterbury's Largest Hotel

It's often been noted that a shrewd wife is a most useful adjunct to an aspiring commercial magnate...

Alfred Joseph White, a Currier from Devon, made good in the remote frontier town that became our Nation's first city. So good in fact that he was able to acquire most of the real estate in the block enclosed by High, Manchester, Tuam and St Asaph Streets. Sixty-one year old Alfred died in 1895, but the canny Eliza presided over the substantial growth of A J White's furniture warehouse and the family's wider commercial interests.

In the first decade of the last century Fred's widow was responsible for the construction of most of the substantial buildings within the block. At the South-east corner of Manchester and St Asaph Streets the city's largest hotel was built in 1909 for the Eliza White Trust.

Known as Cockayne's Leviathan Hotel it had 180 guest rooms and even a private dining room for Ladies. Situated on the principal thoroughfare that connected the inner city with the railway station, there was a row of small shops along the Manchester Street frontage.

The hotel was subsequently leased to the Salvation Army and became known as the People's Palace. However, that army's interests in the hospitality industry eventually focused in other directions and their Manchester street hostelry became the Railton Hotel.

Familiar to generations of Christwegians the poorly maintained Railton closed in 1970. The, by then, mismanaged Eliza White Trust offered the building for sale at $270,000, but there was no interest. The following year the City Council offered to lease the bare site and the hotel was demolished. Like the sites of too many of our city's heritage buildings, it has remained a car park ever since.

See where these photographs were taken.

New Regent Street Restoration

New Regent Street 1932

A distinctive rows of forty shops on New Regent Street are to benefit from a $500,000 Christchurch City Council grant. The project will include strengthening the buildings, reinstalling the original decorative tiles that some shops still feature beneath the front windows, and tidying modern additions to the street.

Built on the site of the massive Colosseum, which had been used as a skating rink, theatre, boot factory and finally a garage, the street was first proposed in 1929 by merchant George Gould II (1865-1941) and was opened by the Mayor Dan Sullivan on the first of April, 1932.

The street was the work of a local architect, Harry Francis Willis (1893-1972), who also designed the now concealed 1934 Art Deco facade of the nearby State Cinema at the northeast corner of Gloucester and Colombo Streets. Willis was the readiest in the Christchurch of the late 1920s and 1930s to experiment with decorative building design.

The distinctive Spanish Mission architectural style is unique on such a scale in New Zealand and was one of few big construction projects in the South Island during the Great Depression period.

Based on 2007 figures, the upgrade is likely to cost about $1.4 million for the whole street, with the cost for each property varying. Of this, the Council can provide grant money of up to 40% of the cost per property. The Council is expecting this to total about $500,000 over the life of the project.

A Council heritage conservation projects planner says the money will be used to repaint the street based on the original colour scheme, which is understood to be Cream, Ochre and a light Terracota.

Further reading:

Revamp planned for picturesque street, The Press, 04 June 2008

Press Release, Christchurch City Council. 5 June 2008

Centenarian Christchurch Photographer

The photographs of Gladys Goodall form an important visual record of the province for the three decades from 1950. Above is a southerly view of the Bridge of Remembrance, one of her early images of Christchurch.

Approximately 10,940 colour transparencies and 950 postcards by Goodall are held within the photographic archive of the Alexander Turnbull Library at Wellington.

Gladys Mary Goodall was born on the 2nd of June, 1908, the second eldest of eight children and grew up on a remote north Otago farm. After training to become a nurse, she worked at Timaru and Christchurch until 1952.

Goodall took her small Agfa camera with her on alpine tramping expeditions, capturing the scenery on film. When her tour bus driver husband Stan showed some of the photographs to his tourists, he found they were enormously popular. So, at age 44, Gladys left her nursing career and set up shop as an independent scenic postcard photographer, operating out of an upstairs studio of an 1860s house at 73a Kilmore Street (at the corner of Victoria Street) in Christchurch. The small business boomed through the 1950s, and her reputation as a scenic photographer flourished.

In 1960 Gladys negotiated an exclusive contract with Whitcombe and Tombs to provide colour photography for their postcards, colour transparencies and calendars, "I wouldn't go into it until I had a written agreement that I would be their only photographer. Otherwise I would have gone bankrupt in three months. This was in the days when women didn't say no to General Managers. Eventually he agreed and got the shock of his life when he found that he had to keep to the contract."

In her new role she created a fascinating record of this country in the postwar period, populated by mid-length polyester walk shorts, grandiose municipal flowerbeds and unreconstructed Kiwiana Kitsch. Her photographic aesthetic, with its plain formality and geometry that seemed to reflect her formidable Puritan work ethic, was ideal for the subject matter.

While the publisher's contract gave her the chance to create a new career for herself in an age colour photography, it was far from being an easy ride. All her expenses; travel, accommodation, paying pilots for aerial shots and so on, had to come out of the royalty payments she received from card sales. She traveled the country alone on primitive roads in her trusty yellow Mark III Ford, which clocked up more than 160,000 kilometres until it was written off in an accident, which left her in Thames hospital for a month.

She'd be away from home for up to four months at a time, effectively having to re-photograph the entire country every few years, to keep the postcards up to date, "That's why mine were selling so well, because they were new and all the new things were in them. But you had to re-photograph places when they changed. Wellington was changing every month, we'd get one postcard printed and it'd be out of date in no time."

Goodall's photographs were sold not just as postcards, but also in the popular Panorama series of booklets. Perhaps the secret of her popularity was tactic of tapping into local knowledge of local sights: "I always went to the people in the shops which sold postcards and asked what tourists asked for in the area. I did my research and never took a photo until I'd spoken to the people who were going to sell them. There's no point in taking the most beautiful photograph in the world if it won't sell."

Her photography helped define affluent postwar New Zealand's image of itself as a scenic wonderland. Not all of her cards were spectacular tourist shots, however. Her photographs of the main roads of small towns such as Waimate and Geraldine inevitably recall British photographer Martin Parr's Boring Postcards books. Nevertheless, in the very mundaneness of these images of provincial towns, there is a degree of realism which makes them all the more authentic and appealing.

Gladys Goodall (photographed by Maree Henry, 2001)

Gladys Goodall Q.S.M., J.P. retired in 1980, continuing to drive her car and remaining active with the Age Concern Canterbury organisation until the age of 91. The centenarian now lives at Avonhead, a quiet dormitory suburb of Christchurch. "There comes an end to things. I felt that I had given everything I had, I'd photographed everything I could think of."

Commemorative Postcard

A Lost Institution

Like the renowned philanthropist Thomas Edmonds (1858-1932), George Robert Fail (1866-1937) was a native of suburban Poplar in London's East End. By the age of fifteen he was the cook aboard the Suffolk, a steam tug that towed sailing vessels from Dungeness at the mouth of the Thames river to the docks to the east of the city.

Twenty-two year-old George arrived in Christchurch in 1884 and in 1897 married Akaroa born Annie Ethel Cashmere (1882-1935). Annie's father was French labourer and her mother was Irish. Annie bore four sons and five daughter, of whom seven survived into adulthood. By 1906 they were living in William Street (now part of the Christchurch Polytechnic site), moving to Salisbury Street by the following year.

Listed as the keeper of a fish shop in 1894, by 1898 George had opened a Fish, Game and Poultry restaurant on the ground floor of the Colonial Mutual Life building on the eastern side of High Street near the Cashel Street corner (the old building is still there).

Business was good and in 1907 they moved to larger premises on the south side of Cashel Street near the Durham Street corner. Originally known as the Rio Grande, the flourishing restaurant's premises were substantially enlarged and the bespoke dinner ware was made by W H Grindley & Co of Tunstall, Stoke-on-Trent in England.

George and Annie occupied the upper floor as an apartment. It's understood that at some time they also had a house in the same street where George had an astronomical observatory, apparently the telescope was commandeered by the Army in World War II.

"Pop" Fail died in 1937 and his eldest surviving son Robert Mather Fail (Bob) took over the management of the restaurant. Renamed Fail's Café, the ground floor facade and interior of the early 1870s building was remodelled to the Art Deco style.

Famous for its fish and unique chairs, New Zealand's oldest Seafood restaurant was a much loved Christchurch institution. However, by the late 1980s tastes in restaurant dining had undergone significant change and the business closed. The distinctive furnishings and dinner ware fell to the Auctioneer's hammer.

82 Cashel Street has subsequently undergone a number of morphoses. Now sporting an inappropriate paint job and much structural alteration, the historic building is currently the premises of The Bog.

Credits

Gordon Collingwood, for historical information.

The Auckland War Memorial Museum for Robin Morrison's 1979 interior of the restaurant (top Right).

Derrick F Donovan of Albany, Auckland for his illustration from New Zealand Odyssey by Euan Sarginson (top Left).

Christchurch Public Library, Heritage Photograph Collection for the circa 1955 photograph of a waitress serving expresso coffee (bottom Right).

See where these pictures were taken.

Dollan Grave - Barbadoes Street Cemetery

John and Margaret Dollan, from Lanarkshire, arrived at Lyttelton aboard the British Empire in 1864.

John Dollan, aged 60, a printer's Compositor of Madras Street North, died on the 3rd of November, 1902. His wife, Margaret Fleming Baillie Dollan, aged 58, died on the 2nd of January, 1903.

Their grave records the burial of ten Dollan children, victims of the epidemics which swept 19th century Christchurch. These were:

Sarah, born 23 December 1864 - died 4 June 1875
Andrew G., born 10 July 1870 - died 18 May 1875
Robert, born 18 February 1872 – died 24 June 1872
Margaret, born 5 July 1876 - died 25 January 1877
Helen, born 10 July 1877 - died 20 March 1878
Mary, born 24 November 1878 - died 12 January 1879
Charles, born 26 January 1880 - died 21 February 1880
Ethel, born 28 May 1881 - died 15 December 1881
Alice, born 5 August 1882 - died 21 January 1885
Arthur, born 1 November 1885 - died 11 January 1886

Some Dollan offspring, among them John William (1870-1953) and Henry Neil (1874-1958), did survive. In the last decade or so of their lives John and Margaret saw their sons married and welcomed grandchildren into the world.

Obituary - Christchurch Star, September 10th 1958.
Henry Neil Dollan, born 19th of May 1874, died September 10th 1958, at Christchurch, aged 85 years. Husband of Elizabeth, father of Lillian, Phyillis and Harry, grandfather to Philippa and Robert.